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Digital Photography Tips

 

Color Depth

 

Color depth is a computer graphics term describing the number of bits used to represent the color of a single pixel in a bitmapped image or video frame buffer. This concept is also known as bits per pixel (bpp), particularly when specified along with the number of bits used. Higher color depth gives a broader range of distinct colors

Truecolor can frequently mimic many colors found in the real world, producing 16.7 million distinct colors. This approaches the level at which the human eye can distinguish colors for most photographic images, though image manipulation, some black-and-white images (which are restricted to 256 levels with Truecolor) or "pure" generated images may reveal the limitations.

24-bit Truecolor uses 8 bits to represent red, 8 bits to represent blue and 8 bits to represent green. 28 = 256 levels of each of these three colors can therefore be combined to give a total of 16,777,216 mixed colors (256 × 256 × 256). Twenty-four-bit color is referred to as "millions of colors" on Macintosh systems.

Beyond truecolor 32-bit color

In the late 1990s, some high-end graphics hardware and scanners started to use more than 8 bits per channel, such as 12 or 16. This has never become common, as the gain in color resolution is almost invisible – 10 bits per channel seem to be enough to reach the absolute limits of human vision under almost all circumstances.

However, professional-quality image manipulation software has started to employ 16 bits per color channel for internal storage, providing protection against accumulating rounding errors when multiple consecutive manipulations are performed on a picture.

RGB vs CMYK

The RGB color model is an additive model in which red, green, and blue (often used in additive light models) are combined in various ways to reproduce other colors. The name of the model and the abbreviation ‘RGB’ come from the three primary colors, red, green, and blue and the technological development of cathode ray tubes which could display color instead of a monochrome phosphoresence (including grey scaling) such as black and white film and television imaging.

CMYK (short for cyan, magenta, yellow, and key (Black), and often referred to as process color or four color) is a subtractive color model, used in color printing, also used to describe the printing process itself. The CMYK model works by partially or entirely masking certain colors on the typically white background (that is, absorbing particular wavelengths of light). Such a model is called subtractive because inks “subtract” brightness from white.